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St. Bernard Parish ((フランス語:Paroisse de Saint-Bernard)) is a parish located in the U.S. state of Louisiana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 35,897.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22/22087.html )〕 The parish seat and largest city is Chalmette.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 The parish was formed in 1807.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=St. Bernard Parish )〕 St. Bernard Parish is part of the New Orleans–Metairie, LA Metropolitan Statistical Area. The parish is located southeast of New Orleans. It has been ranked the fastest-growing county (parish) in the United States from 2007 to 2008 by the U.S. Census Bureau, but it is only half as populated as it was in 2005. In 2009, because of evacuation and outmigration due to destruction by Hurricane Katrina, its population was estimated to be 33,439〔(【引用サイトリンク】work=January 15, 2009 article by The Times-Picayune )〕 ==History== St. Bernard Parish contains a large community of Spanish descent. Sometimes referred to informally as "Spanish Cajuns", the ''Isleños'' are descended from Canary Islanders. This linguistically isolated group eventually developed its own dialect. This settlement was first called ''La Concepcion'' and ''Nueva Galvez'' by Spanish officials, but was later renamed ''Terre aux Boeufs'' ("boeuf" = "beef") (French) and ''Tierra de Bueyes'' (Spanish) for "land of cattle", because nearby areas were used for cattle grazing. Saint Bernard, the patron saint of colonial governor Bernardo de Galvez, was used in documents to identify the area.〔Din, Gilbert "The Canary Islanders of Louisiana", 1988〕 St. Bernard Parish is also home to the earliest Filipino community in the United States, Saint Malo, Louisiana. The chief historical attraction in St. Bernard Parish is the Chalmette National Historical Park (or Chalmette Battlefield), at which the Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815, during the War of 1812. Many street names near the battlefield bear the names of the chief participants, or take a pirate theme, since the pirate Jean Lafitte was considered to be a hero in the battle. A high school, later elementary and now a middle school, was named in honor of Andrew Jackson, who was the commanding officer in charge of defending New Orleans against the British invasion. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln mentioned St. Bernard Parish in the Emancipation Proclamation as an area not in rebellion against the Union during the Civil War.〔http://www.nps.gov/ncro/anti/emancipation.html〕 From 1919 to 1969, the parish was effectively ruled as part of the fiefdom of Leander Perez, a local Democratic official in neighboring Plaquemines Parish. During the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, New Orleans city and state leaders used dynamite to breach a levee at Caernarvon, thirteen miles (19 km) below Canal Street, to save the city of New Orleans from flooding. At the time, it was thought by New Orleans residents that the dynamiting saved the city, but historians now believe that the dynamiting was unnecessary due to major upstream levee breaks that relieved pressure on the New Orleans levees. The levee breach caused flooding and widespread destruction in most of Eastern St. Bernard Parish and parts of Plaquemines Parish. Residents were never adequately compensated for their losses. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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